![]() A channelized DS-1 carries 24 DS0s DS-3:ĭigital Signal – level 3 (a 44.736 Mb/s signal). Using TDM connections that encapsulate packets to connect customers to packet networks BER:Ī TDM link/connection that multiplexes lower-rate signals into its time slots CHOC Card:Įquipment in the POPs and network structures that connect them for intermetro transport and switching CoS:Ĭonstraint-based Shortest Path First DCS:ĭistributed Denial of Service (security attack on router) DoS:ĭenial of Service (security attack on router) DS-0:ĭigital Signal – level 0 a pre-SONET signal carrying one voice-frequency channel at 64 kb/s) DS-1:ĭigital Signal – level 1 (a 1.544 Mb/s signal). Also called bundled or composite link AR:īroadband Digital Cross-connect System (cross-connects at DS-3 or higher rate) Backhaul: The feeder network and loop segments associated with a given metro segment ADM:Īdd/Drop Multiplexer Administrative Domain:īundles multiple physical links between a pair of routers into a single virtual link from the point of view of the routers. One-plus-one (signal duplicated across both service path and restoration path receiver chooses surviving signal upon detection of failure) Access Network Segment: One-by-one (signal switched to restoration path on detection of failure) 1 + 1: This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. We describe how a robust IPTV backbone may be constructed, building on various components for robust IP backbone design described in this chapter. ![]() We address how the implementation of the various components of the IP protocol suite fits in the context of a Tier 1 ISP network, and how it can be used to deliver application services, including real-time delivery of video. This is of prime importance because a major objective of large ISPs is to provide a known level of quality of service to its customers through service level agreements. The third aspect is how network outages manifest in multiple network layers and how the network layers are designed to respond to such disruptions, usually through a set of processes called network restoration. The separation of routing and forwarding provided by MPLS allows carriers to support Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and traffic engineering on their backbones much more simply than with traditional IP forwarding. The second aspect presents the use of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) in large ISP networks. The first aspect is that the design of an IP backbone is strongly influenced by the details of the underlying network layers, such as the evolution of the Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM) layer. This chapter is motivated by three aspects of the design of large IP networks. This chapter is a hands-on description of the practical structure and implementation of IP backbone networks and is principally motivated by the observation that in large carrier networks, the IP backbone is not a self-contained entity it co-exists with numerous access and transport networks operated by the same or other service providers. Our primary focus is on a large IP backbone network in the continental USA, though similarities arise in smaller networks operated by telecommunication providers in other parts of the world. This chapter specifically covers the design of a large Tier 1 ISP that provides services to both residential and enterprise customers. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a telecommunications company that offers its customers access to the Internet.
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